L'axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau : acteur de notre santé et de nos maladies.

Microbiota-gut-brain axis in health and diseases.

Michel Neunlist
UMR Inserm TENS – The enteric nervous system in gut and brain disorders
Université de Nantes – Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif du CHU de Nantes

Over evolution, gut and brain have closely evolved together in order to accomplish fundamental tasks such as species survival and adaptation to their environment. Permanent and dynamic interactions between gut and brain set the basis for the gut-brain axis. Over the past years, the gut microbiota has been identified as a fine and profound regulator of the gut-brain axis. In particular, gut microbiota plays a central role in the development of gut nervous system as well as brain structures and ultimately organ functions, via the production of metabolites such as short chain fatty acids or bacterial cell wall components. Conversely, mounting evidences suggest that alterations of gut microbiota composition as well as microbiota metabolism could play a central role in the development of chronic diseases of the brain such as depression, autism and even in Parkinson diseases. In this global context, the role of gut microbiota in brain development and function as well as in brain diseases will be presented in this talk.

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